India of the billionaire and the "other" India

Hindustan Times

New Delhi, August 10, 2007


What can Rs 20 possibly fetch? For 836 million Indians, Rs 20 per day, or Rs

600 a month, buys them their daily sustenance.


Technically, a large chunk of these 836 million Indians — 77 per cent of the

country’s population — are above the poverty line at Rs 12 per day.


But the reality is that they remain dismally poor, comprising largely of

STs, SCs, OBCs and Muslims, according to the report on Conditions of Work

and Promotion of Livelihood in the Unorganised Sector. This is the the first

authoritative study on the state of informal or unorganised employment in

India, compiled by the National Commission for Enterprises in the

Unorganised Sector (NCEUS), a government-affiliated body.


The report is based on government data for the period between 1993-94 and

2004-05.


A staggering 394.9 million workers, or 86 per cent of India’s working

population, toil in the unorganised sector, which means they work without a

social security cover.


Nearly 80 per cent of these workers are among those who live on less than Rs

20 per day.


NCEUS chairman Dr Arjun Sengupta said: “These are the discriminated,

disadvantaged and downtrodden. People who live on Rs 20 or less per day are

the real poor and vulnerable.”


Sengupta told HT that Rs 20, which signifies consumption pattern, is an

indicator of the person’s income and saving. “If people do not earn, how

will they spend or save?” he added.


Agriculture, the report found, was a fertile ground for poverty, especially

for small and marginal farmers, 84 per cent of whom spent more than they

earned and were often caught in debt traps.

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